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Monticiano Monticiano
OLD TOWN
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Monticiano
Monticiano
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Its community originated as a medieval podestà and underwent transformations in the 12th and 13th centuries following its enfeoffment.
The first records of the "Castello di Monticiano" date back to 1189, when it was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Volterra. Siena also claimed the castle, and because Monticiano had hosted Ghibelline exiles defeated in the Battle of Benevento, Siena occupied it with weapons and demolished its walls and the Castelvecchio fortress.
In 1554, Monticiano came under the rule of the Medici family during the Sienese War, which ended the following year.
In 1629, Grand Duke Ferdinand II offered it as a fief to Count Orso Pannocchieschi d'Elci.
In 1749, the Pannocchieschi family's rule ended, but they remained owners of large tracts of land.
During the 1860 plebiscite, all the inhabitants declared themselves in favor of annexation to the Kingdom of Italy.
During the Second World War, during the Resistance, Monticiano was the base of the first Sienese partisan unit and became an operational zone for Garibaldi's "Spartaco Lavagnini" brigade.
The village of Scalvaia was the scene of one of the most brutal massacres in the area. Among the most memorable war events was the clash between partisans and Germans on the night of June 3–4, 1944, in the town square, during which two young
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